Optical and Electrical Properties of Boron-Based Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials.

Low-dimensional (0D/1D/2D) nanomaterials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties different from general bulk materials due to enhanced surface and interface contributions and quantum confinement effects, which strongly modulate electronic structures. Boron, with atomic number 5, can form multicenter bonds and enables the construction of structurally diverse nanomaterials across different dimensionalities. In this review, boron-based low-dimensional materials are systematically organized from 0D clusters to 1D nanostructures and 2D sheets, and their optical and electrical properties are discussed in relation to structural factors such as dimensionality. This review provides an integrated perspective on how dimensional expansion and structural design govern the optical and electrical properties of boron-based nanomaterials.