Flexible Sensorized Tube for Pipeline Defect Detection Based on Bending and Pressure Sensing.

Urban pipelines are essential infrastructure components in modern cities. Their curved and confined structures make sensing difficult to achieve. In conventional flexible sensing devices, pressure and bending signals often interfere with each other. To address this problem, we propose an integration strategy for multi-array sensors on flexible printed circuits. The approach integrates laser-induced graphene pressure sensors and bending sensors on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate with flexible printed circuits. This integration enables stable and reliable signal acquisition and the device shows good performance under pressure loading. It has high linearity (R2 > 0.99), low hysteresis (2.68%), and a fast response time (~50 ms) in the range of 0-120 kPa. The sensing architecture is based on geometry-induced strain-field differentiation, which suppresses pressure-bending cross-interference and improves multimodal signal discrimination through structural design. Pressure mainly produces isotropic signals, while bending generates anisotropic strain signals. We test the device in simulated pipeline environments. Protrusion defects and corrosion defects generate different signal patterns. These differences allow clear defect identification. The device further supports spatial posture sensing and bending-state monitoring in complex curved pipeline conditions.