Modulation of place cells using targeted stimulation with bidirectional microelectrode arrays enhances spatial learning speed in mice.

Spatial cognition plays a critical role in survival and development, yet effective technologies for enhancing this capability remain scarce. This study investigates a neural modulation approach targeting place cells-specialized hippocampal neurons responsible for spatial representation. Bidirectional microelectrode arrays with micron-level spatial precision were developed using micro-electromechanical systems technology, integrating detection, stimulation, and shielding functions. The array enables simultaneous electrophysiological recording and confined electrical stimulation while minimizing signal interference. A modified Y-maze behavioral paradigm and electrical stimulation protocol were designed to assess spatial learning enhancement. Experimental results demonstrated that mice receiving 72 mV/90 Hz electrical stimulation through the array achieved comparable place cell activation patterns and behavioral performance after 1 week of training to control mice requiring 2 weeks of conventional training. Quantitative analysis revealed a 19.7% increase in learning trajectory success rate, 50.2% increase in spatial information, and 25.1% reduction in area of place field in stimulated subjects compared to non-stimulated controls. These findings indicate that precise electrical modulation of place cell ensembles through the developed array can significantly accelerate spatial learning processes. This integrated neural interface technology provides a closed-loop solution for targeted neuromodulation, offering new possibilities for enhancing spatial cognition through direct neural circuit engagement.