Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa.
Carroll Miles W, Matthews David A, Hiscox Julian A, Elmore Michael J, Pollakis Georgios, Rambaut Andrew, Hewson Roger, García-Dorival Isabel, Bore Joseph Akoi, Koundouno Raymond, Abdellati Saïd, Afrough Babak, Aiyepada John, Akhilomen Patience, Asogun Danny, Atkinson Barry, Badusche Marlis, Bah Amadou, Bate Simon, Baumann Jan, Becker Dirk, Becker-Ziaja Beate, Bocquin Anne, Borremans Benny, Bosworth Andrew, Boettcher Jan Peter, Cannas Angela, Carletti Fabrizio, Castilletti Concetta, Clark Simon, Colavita Francesca, Diederich Sandra, Donatus Adomeh, Duraffour Sophie, Ehichioya Deborah, Ellerbrok Heinz, Fernandez-Garcia Maria Dolores, Fizet Alexandra, Fleischmann Erna, Gryseels Sophie, Hermelink Antje, Hinzmann Julia, Hopf-Guevara Ute, Ighodalo Yemisi, Jameson Lisa, Kelterbaum Anne, Kis Zoltan, Kloth Stefan, Kohl Claudia, Korva Miša, Kraus Annette, Kuisma Eeva, Kurth Andreas, Liedigk Britta, Logue Christopher H, Lüdtke Anja, Maes Piet, McCowen James, Mély Stéphane, Mertens Marc, Meschi Silvia, Meyer Benjamin, Michel Janine, Molkenthin Peter, Muñoz-Fontela César, Muth Doreen, Newman Edmund N C, Ngabo Didier, Oestereich Lisa, Okosun Jennifer, Olokor Thomas, Omiunu Racheal, Omomoh Emmanuel, Pallasch Elisa, Pályi Bernadett, Portmann Jasmine, Pottage Thomas, Pratt Catherine, Priesnitz Simone, Quartu Serena, Rappe Julie, Repits Johanna, Richter Martin, Rudolf Martin, Sachse Andreas, Schmidt Kristina Maria, Schudt Gordian, Strecker Thomas, Thom Ruth, Thomas Stephen, Tobin Ekaete, Tolley Howard, Trautner Jochen, Vermoesen Tine, Vitoriano Inês, Wagner Matthias, Wolff Svenja, Yue Constanze, Capobianchi Maria Rosaria, Kretschmer Birte, Hall Yper, Kenny John G, Rickett Natasha Y, Dudas Gytis, Coltart Cordelia E M, Kerber Romy, Steer Damien, Wright Callum, Senyah Francis, Keita Sakoba, Drury Patrick, Diallo Boubacar, de Clerck Hilde, Van Herp Michel, Sprecher Armand, Traore Alexis, Diakite Mandiou, Konde Mandy Kader, Koivogui Lamine, Magassouba N'Faly, Avšič-Županc Tatjana, Nitsche Andreas, Strasser Marc, Ippolito Giuseppe, Becker Stephan, Stoecker Kilian, Gabriel Martin, Raoul Hervé, Di Caro Antonino, Wölfel Roman, Formenty Pierre, Günther Stephan
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Аннотация
West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak so far recorded. Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 deaths. The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a two-year-old boy in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by human-to-human contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining patient information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of EBOV in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of EBOV genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of patient samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the EBOV from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak.
Для цитирования: Carroll Miles W, Matthews David A, Hiscox Julian A, Elmore Michael J, Pollakis Georgios, Rambaut Andrew, Hewson Roger, García-Dorival Isabel, Bore Joseph Akoi, Koundouno Raymond, Abdellati Saïd, Afrough Babak, Aiyepada John, Akhilomen Patience, Asogun Danny, Atkinson Barry, Badusche Marlis, Bah Amadou, Bate Simon, Baumann Jan, Becker Dirk, Becker-Ziaja Beate, Bocquin Anne, Borremans Benny, Bosworth Andrew, Boettcher Jan Peter, Cannas Angela, Carletti Fabrizio, Castilletti Concetta, Clark Simon, Colavita Francesca, Diederich Sandra, Donatus Adomeh, Duraffour Sophie, Ehichioya Deborah, Ellerbrok Heinz, Fernandez-Garcia Maria Dolores, Fizet Alexandra, Fleischmann Erna, Gryseels Sophie, Hermelink Antje, Hinzmann Julia, Hopf-Guevara Ute, Ighodalo Yemisi, Jameson Lisa, Kelterbaum Anne, Kis Zoltan, Kloth Stefan, Kohl Claudia, Korva Miša, Kraus Annette, Kuisma Eeva, Kurth Andreas, Liedigk Britta, Logue Christopher H, Lüdtke Anja, Maes Piet, McCowen James, Mély Stéphane, Mertens Marc, Meschi Silvia, Meyer Benjamin, Michel Janine, Molkenthin Peter, Muñoz-Fontela César, Muth Doreen, Newman Edmund N C, Ngabo Didier, Oestereich Lisa, Okosun Jennifer, Olokor Thomas, Omiunu Racheal, Omomoh Emmanuel, Pallasch Elisa, Pályi Bernadett, Portmann Jasmine, Pottage Thomas, Pratt Catherine, Priesnitz Simone, Quartu Serena, Rappe Julie, Repits Johanna, Richter Martin, Rudolf Martin, Sachse Andreas, Schmidt Kristina Maria, Schudt Gordian, Strecker Thomas, Thom Ruth, Thomas Stephen, Tobin Ekaete, Tolley Howard, Trautner Jochen, Vermoesen Tine, Vitoriano Inês, Wagner Matthias, Wolff Svenja, Yue Constanze, Capobianchi Maria Rosaria, Kretschmer Birte, Hall Yper, Kenny John G, Rickett Natasha Y, Dudas Gytis, Coltart Cordelia E M, Kerber Romy, Steer Damien, Wright Callum, Senyah Francis, Keita Sakoba, Drury Patrick, Diallo Boubacar, de Clerck Hilde, Van Herp Michel, Sprecher Armand, Traore Alexis, Diakite Mandiou, Konde Mandy Kader, Koivogui Lamine, Magassouba N'Faly, Avšič-Županc Tatjana, Nitsche Andreas, Strasser Marc, Ippolito Giuseppe, Becker Stephan, Stoecker Kilian, Gabriel Martin, Raoul Hervé, Di Caro Antonino, Wölfel Roman, Formenty Pierre, Günther Stephan. Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa.. Nature. 2015. DOI: 10.1038/nature14594.
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