Physical review letters · 2026
Turbulence-Driven Edge-Localized-Mode-Free High-Confinement Mode with Divertor Detachment in a Metal-Wall Tokamak.
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Xu G S, Ding G F, Zhang G J, Wang Y F, Jian X, Zhang T, Zhou Z Q, Wu K, Yang Q Q, Chen R, Yu L, Meng L Y, Wang L, Wang H Q, Li N M, Lu Z Y, Li K D, Ding S Y, Yan N, Xu L Q, Lin X, Zhang B, Qian J P, Zhou T F, Li P, Zhou C, Wang S F, Zang Q, Liu H Q, Ding F, Zhang L, Jin Y F, Duan Y M, Yu Y W, Ding R, Li G Q, Gong X Z, Lu K, Hu J S, Song Y T, Wan B N
Аннотация
We report the first demonstration of a minute-scale, edge-localized-mode-free high-confinement plasma regime compatible with divertor partial detachment and enhanced pedestal performance in a metal-wall tokamak, the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. This regime is enabled by a newly identified mechanism: during divertor partial detachment, reduced ionization and enhanced pumping in a closed divertor lead to less cooling of the pedestal by recycling neutrals and seeding impurities, resulting in an increased pedestal temperature gradient, which excites high-frequency broadband turbulence. Gyrokinetic simulations identify the high-frequency broadband turbulence as a temperature-gradient-driven trapped electron mode (η_{e}-TEM), which drives outward transport of particles and heat, thereby maintaining the edge-localized-mode-free state. This pedestal regime is particularly promising for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, where the anticipated lower density gradient, reduced E×B shear, and lower collisionality in the pedestal will further facilitate η_{e}-TEM excitation. The achieved integrated scenario with a detached divertor and turbulence-dominated pedestal thus offers a compelling solution for managing heat loads and metal impurity sources for long-pulse high-performance operation in future fusion reactors.