Deciphering the Impact of Protein Corona on Biological Fate of Nanomedicine-Loaded Microneedles.

Due to adsorption of proteins, abundant protein molecules quickly bind to the nano-particles' (NPs) surface when they enter the bloodstream, forming a "protein corona." The protein corona leads to rapid clearance of NPs, thereby impeding efficient drug delivery. Notably, mi-croneedles (MNs) can reduce protein corona formation by altering the route of drug entry and confining the drug within the local tissue microenvironment. This article outlines the relationship between drug-loaded MNs and the protein corona and proposes strategies to suppress its for-mation. Furthermore, it underscores that the synergy between microneedles and stealth nanocar-riers can minimize the detrimental effects associated with protein corona formation.