Synergy of Charge Accumulation and Loss Suppression via Interfacial Self-Polarization Confinement for High-Performance Cellulose Triboelectrics.

Cellulose, rich in polar hydroxyl groups, readily loses electrons, making it an ideal positive triboelectric material. However, its insulating nature limits charge storage and increases energy loss, leading to poor charge retention and low output. To address this issue, this study proposes combining the charge confinement at the TEMPO-nanofiber/ferroelectric interface with the microcapacitive effect of carbon nanotubes. This strategy significantly enhances charge trapping and reduces dissipation, achieving a charge density of 308.4 μC/m2, a 452% increase over CNF films. The maximum power density reaches 2.32 W/m2 under load (2580% improvement), while the leakage current decreases to 1.64 × 10-12 A/cm2, a 6707% reduction. The resulting CS-TENG sensor exhibits high sensitivity and stable performance, offering an effective approach to high-density cellulose triboelectric materials in wearable electronics.