BMJ open · 2026
Effects of alcohol misuse on the evolution of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in France: results from CONFINS cohort.
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Galesne Charline, Arsandaux Julie, Macalli Mélissa, Texier Nathalie, Schück Stéphane, Tzourio Christophe, Kinouani Shérazade
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: to describe the evolution of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in France and to assess whether it differed according to pre-existing alcohol misuse.
DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study.
SETTING: A French online cohort: CONFINS. Data has been collected since the first lockdown in April-May 2020 until January 2022.
PARTICIPANTS: 1868 participants being at least 18 years of age and who had been confined in France by government measures.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome was anxiety, measured through Generalised Anxiety Disorder - seven items (GAD-7). Its association with alcohol misuse (defined using AUDIT-C score) was estimated using segmented linear mixed models. Interactions with gender and perceived loneliness at baseline were evaluated.
RESULTS: Of the 1868 included participants, 729 responded to at least one follow-up questionnaire (median follow-up time: 46 weeks). We identified 58% as having pre-existing alcohol misuse. Alcohol misuse was significantly associated with an increased GAD-7 score starting at the second lockdown in women (β=0.30; p=0.014) and in participants having a high perceived loneliness (β=0.59; p=0.011).
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing alcohol misuse appeared to be a risk factor for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for women and those with high perceived loneliness. Mental health support should be proposed to these vulnerable groups in the event of a future health crisis.
DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study.
SETTING: A French online cohort: CONFINS. Data has been collected since the first lockdown in April-May 2020 until January 2022.
PARTICIPANTS: 1868 participants being at least 18 years of age and who had been confined in France by government measures.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome was anxiety, measured through Generalised Anxiety Disorder - seven items (GAD-7). Its association with alcohol misuse (defined using AUDIT-C score) was estimated using segmented linear mixed models. Interactions with gender and perceived loneliness at baseline were evaluated.
RESULTS: Of the 1868 included participants, 729 responded to at least one follow-up questionnaire (median follow-up time: 46 weeks). We identified 58% as having pre-existing alcohol misuse. Alcohol misuse was significantly associated with an increased GAD-7 score starting at the second lockdown in women (β=0.30; p=0.014) and in participants having a high perceived loneliness (β=0.59; p=0.011).
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing alcohol misuse appeared to be a risk factor for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for women and those with high perceived loneliness. Mental health support should be proposed to these vulnerable groups in the event of a future health crisis.