Photon-harvesting nanobowls orchestrating AIEgen-mPdPt synergy for triple-modal lateral flow immunoassay of furazolidone metabolites.

The integration of multiple detection modalities into lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) is highly desirable for accurate on-site testing but often compromises sensitivity due to signal crosstalk and matrix effects. Here, we reimagine the signal label by engineering a light-energy convergence system (ABCPP). This system is constructed by confining BTDTA-based aggregation-induced emission molecules within a bowl-like covalent organic framework (BC), which serves as a confined "optical cage" that restricts intramolecular motion, thereby significantly enhancing fluorescence emission by 1.52-fold compared to its spherical counterpart. The BC framework also acts as an optical concentrator to strengthen light-matter interactions. The harvested photon energy is efficiently funneled into mesoporous PdPt nanoparticles (mPdPt NPs) decorated on the surface, where it synergizes with the NPs's intrinsic absorption to yield dramatically amplified plasmonic heating, achieving a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 47.35 %. This synergistic design transforms the nanobowls from passive hosts into active energy directors, resulting in a signal label (ABCPP) with integrated colorimetric, fluorescent, and photothermal outputs. When applied to the detection of furazolidone metabolites (AOZ) in real food samples, the ABCPP-based LFIA achieved an ultralow detection limit of 0.07 ng mL-1, excellent selectivity against interferents, and robust performance, underscoring its practicality. This work establishes a novel design paradigm for actively orchestrating energy utilization within nanostructures, paving the way for next-generation multimodal biosensing platforms.