Factors affecting quality of life after percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with coronary heart disease: effects of the cardiac rehabilitation nursing model.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze factors influencing the quality of life (QoL) of elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to evaluate the clinical value a cardiac rehabilitation nursing model.

METHODS

This randomized controlled trial assigned 112 elderly PCI patients to a control group (routine care) or an observation group (cardiac rehabilitation model), both receiving 6-month interventions. Outcome indicators were then compared between the two original groups at preoperative, 7-day postoperative, and 6-month follow-up time points. The control group was further stratified by post-PCI QoL scores into good and poor QOL subgroups for multivariate analysis.

RESULTS

Age, smoking, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 were identified as independent risk factors for poor QoL (P < 0.05). The observation group demonstrated significantly higher QoL scores, greater improvement in 6-minute walking test, left ventricular ejection fraction, and subtype segment resolution at both 7-day and 6-month follow-ups (P < 0.05). For T-wave inversion and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), the observation group showed significantly greater improvement in T-wave inversion and lower LVEDd at 6-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Greater reductions in Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and SDS scores and inflammatory markers were also observed in the observation group at both time points (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Age, smoking history, SDS scores, and PSGL-1 are key predictors of postoperative QoL. The cardiac rehabilitation nursing model significantly outperformed routine care by improving patients' QoL, psychological state, cardiac function, and inflammation.