Health and Performance Challenges in the Era of Human Enhancement: Insights from Sport Medicine Professionals.
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Hu Ke, Schneider Christian, Hutchinson Mark R, Ergen Emin, Geistlinger Michael, Killoughery Iain, Braumann Klaus-Michael, Lazzoli José Kawazoe, Seto Jane, Bigard Xavier, Debruyne André, Jegier Anna, Papadopoulou Theodora, Manonelles Pedro, Arroyo Francisco, Ghrairi Mourad, Cintrón Ana V, Zupet Petra, Leitão Marcelo Bichels, Kayikci Umutcan, Kopile Daniel Arkader, Pigozzi Fabio, Fossati Chiara, Di Gianfrancesco Alessia, Di Luigi Luigi, Stafrace Kirill Micallef, Ionescu Anca, Wolfarth Bernd, Ergün Metin, Roberts William O, Natsis Konstantinos, Tooth Camille, Rozenštoka Sandra, Casajús José Antonio, Muniz-Pardos Borja, Nahon Roberto Lohn, Shroff Malav, Xie Minhao, Constantinou Demitri, van Rensburg Dina CJanse, Ülkar Bülent, Jowett Andrew, Badtieva Victoriya, Kaux Jean-François, Baumgartl Peter, Papaellina Clea Hadjistephanou, Steinacker Jürgen, Motta-Pensabene Julio, Reer Rüdiger, Bachl Norbert, Migliorini Sergio, Zahar Maher, Stuart Mark, Bilzon James, Massazza Giuseppe, Di Pietro Bruno, Hassan Khaled Massoud, Drummond Felix Albuquerque, Fincoeur Bertrand, Petróczi Andrea, Pitsiladis Yannis
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of sport physicians, sport scientists, physiotherapists and other allied healthcare professionals on treating and supporting "enhanced athletes", with the view of informing future guidelines.
METHODS: Participants were invited via email and personal contacts within sport medicine communities to complete a brief anonymous survey via QuestionPro™. Descriptive statistics were performed using Excel™ and RStudio™.
RESULTS: A total of 323 healthcare professionals responded (82% were sport physicians), among whom 74% expressed a willingness to treat acute lesions and/or chronic diseases in "enhanced athletes". In comparison, a considerable minority (30%) expressed support for assisting athletes in their use of PEDs and methods under medically supervised conditions, with high consistency across professional roles. A relatively high readiness was observed in sport physicians treating acute (77% versus 58%; p < 0.01) and chronic (75% versus 63%; p = 0.11) diseases for "enhanced athletes". As far as WADA rules and/or national anti-doping laws apply, this support presupposes compliance with the code and the respective national laws to protect physicians from serious professional, legal and personal consequences.
CONCLUSION: The preliminary findings align with the broader goal of fostering a sport culture that values both peak performance and the short- and long-term health of all participants. These results emphasise the necessity of implementing professional guidelines and comprehensive support systems designed to safeguard the long-term well-being of all athletes and underscore the urgent need for further research into the impact of TEG on sport and its community.