A patent review on strategies for biological control of mosquito vector.

Mosquitoes are the vectors responsible for transmitting serious and life-threatening diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and lymphatic filariasis. Very few effective vaccines or drugs have been developed so far to prevent or treat these diseases, highlighting a need for vector control. This paper presents a comprehensive technology overview of patent documents disclosing biological agents for mosquito control. The patent analysis revealed that comparable number of patent documents were filed in two technology categories: non-recombinant agents and genetically modified (GM) agents. In the category of non-recombinant agents, toxic peptides from microbes and biological consortia seemed to be the earliest technology noted right from the year 1965 whereas the patent filings for suppression of mosquito population using genetic modification techniques have emerged from the year 2000 onwards. The United States of America is the leading patent filing jurisdiction followed by China and the Great Britain. Academic institutes have filed higher number of patent applications as compared to private companies. University of Florida was found to be the leading patent filing entity and its patents were focused on suppression of vector population using techniques such as release of insects with dominant lethal (RIDL) and RNA interference (RNAi).