Differences in Societal Participation Across Diagnostic Groups: Secondary Analyses of 8 Studies Using the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation.

OBJECTIVE

To determine differences in participation problems between diagnostic groups and to examine diagnosis as a determinant of participation with and without statistically accounting for confounders.

DESIGN

Secondary analyses of data from 8 studies.

SETTING

Community, the Netherlands.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants (N=1735) in diagnostic groups: stroke (n=534), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=104), other acquired brain injury (n=163), progressive neurologic diseases (n=112), acute coronary syndrome (n=536), and spinal cord injury (n=286).

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation was measured with the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation. This measure has 3 scales: Restrictions, Satisfaction, and Frequency. In this study, scores were also computed for 3 domains across these scales: Productivity, Leisure, and Social. Scores ranged from 0 (worst) up to 100 (best). Possible confounders were age, sex, level of education, marital status, and time since onset of the condition.

RESULTS

Significant differences were found in levels of participation between diagnostic groups. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome showed better participation scores in all scales and domains compared with most or all other diagnostic groups, except for the Social domain. Individuals with progressive neurologic diseases showed the lowest (worst) Restriction and Satisfaction scores, whereas those with stroke showed the lowest Frequency scores. After correcting for confounders, diagnosis explained significant proportions of the variance of participation (Frequency, 6.4%; Restrictions, 15.1%; Satisfaction, 5.1%; Productivity, 13.2%; Leisure, 13.8%; Social, 6.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

Participation problems occurred in all 6 diagnostic groups within this study. Differences were found in participation between diagnostic groups, demonstrating diagnosis-specific participation profiles, including after correcting for confounders.