Utility of anakinra in Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever with haemophagocyctic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report.

Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging, life-threatening tick-borne infection that can be fatal. As yet, there is no definitive treatment. In this case report we present a severe paediatric CCHF case that was successfully treated with anakinra. A previously healthy 13-year-old female presented with high fever, fatigue, rash and loss of appetite. Bone marrow aspiration showed rare haemophagocytocis and the patient's clinical condition continued to deteriorate. Anakinra was given on the day 5 of admission, as she was in the midst of cytokine storm syndrome. By the third day of anakinra, the patient's symptoms and laboratory tests improved. After 14 d of anakinra, she was discharged in full recovery. Anakinra may be a new therapeutic agent in CCHF, in which inflammation plays important role.