Cardiac Rehabilitation Availability and Density around the Globe.
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Turk-Adawi Karam, Supervia Marta, Lopez-Jimenez Francisco, Pesah Ella, Ding Rongjing, Britto Raquel R, Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna, Derman Wayne, Abreu Ana, Babu Abraham S, Santos Claudia Anchique, Jong Seng Khiong, Cuenza Lucky, Yeo Tee Joo, Scantlebury Dawn, Andersen Karl, Gonzalez Graciela, Giga Vojislav, Vulic Dusko, Vataman Eleonora, Cliff Jacqueline, Kouidi Evangelia, Yagci Ilker, Kim Chul, Benaim Briseida, Estany Eduardo Rivas, Fernandez Rosalia, Radi Basuni, Gaita Dan, Simon Attila, Chen Ssu-Yuan, Roxburgh Brendon, Martin Juan Castillo, Maskhulia Lela, Burdiat Gerard, Salmon Richard, Lomelí Hermes, Sadeghi Masoumeh, Sovova Eliska, Hautala Arto, Tamuleviciute-Prasciene Egle, Ambrosetti Marco, Neubeck Lis, Asher Elad, Kemps Hareld, Eysymontt Zbigniew, Farsky Stefan, Hayward Jo, Prescott Eva, Dawkes Susan, Santibanez Claudio, Zeballos Cecilia, Pavy Bruno, Kiessling Anna, Sarrafzadegan Nizal, Baer Carolyn, Thomas Randal, Hu Dayi, Grace Sherry L
Аннотация
METHODS: A survey was administered to CR programs globally. Cardiac associations and local champions facilitated program identification. Factors associated with volumes were assessed using generalized linear mixed models, and compared by World Health Organization region. Density (i.e. annual ischemic heart disease [IHD] incidence estimate from Global Burden of Disease study divided by national CR capacity) was computed.
FINDINGS: CR was available in 111/203 (54.7%) countries; data were collected in 93 (83.8% country response; N = 1082 surveys, 32.1% program response rate). Availability by region ranged from 80.7% of countries in Europe, to 17.0% in Africa (p < .001). There were 5753 programs globally that could serve 1,655,083 patients/year, despite an estimated 20,279,651 incident IHD cases globally/year. Volume was significantly greater where patients were systematically referred (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-1.38) and programs offered alternative models (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.04-1.06), and significantly lower with private (OR = .92, 95%CI = .91-.93) or public (OR = .83, 95%CI = .82-84) funding compared to hybrid sources.Median capacity (i.e., number of patients a program could serve annually) was 246/program (Q25-Q75 = 150-390). The absolute density was one CR spot per 11 IHD cases in countries with CR, and 12 globally.
INTERPRETATION: CR is available in only half of countries globally. Where offered, capacity is grossly insufficient, such that most patients will not derive the benefits associated with participation.