Light-dependent activation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to a potent genotoxicant.

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), which is widely used in mutagenesis and experimental carcinogenesis, is activated to a mutagen by white fluorescent light. A 40 min exposure to white fluorescent light of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 plates treated with DMBA, in the absence of exogenous metabolism, resulted in an approximately 30-fold increase in the number of histidine revertants. This phenomenon also occurs, with lesser intensity, with other promutagens, such as benzo[a]pyrene or 2-acetylaminofluorene, and in other Salmonella tester strains. Moreover, white fluorescent light is able to activate DMBA to a toxicant for Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture, resulting in very low cell survival. Under these conditions, white fluorescent light-activated DMBA was shown to cause chromosomal aberrations, but not gene mutations, as determined by resistance to thioguanine. This white fluorescent light-dependent activation of DMBA seems to be related to the formation of reactive species, as the addition of vitamin E results in a reduction in the number of histidine revertants induced by white fluorescent light in S. typhimurium TA98.