Commonalities in vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide N-terminal histidine C-terminal isoleucine stimulation of N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat pineal.

Exposure of adult rat pineal glands in organ culture to the polypeptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and peptide N-terminal histidine C-terminal isoleucine (PHI) increases pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin synthesis. The following research results are taken to indicate that VIP and PHI share common components of the NAT induction system: (1) The effects of the two peptides are additive at concentrations of 10 nM VIP and 100 nM PHI but not at higher peptide concentrations. (2) Pineals from newborns also respond to PHI with a dose dependent increase in NAT activity. NAT responses are additive at the same concentrations as seen with the adult pineals. (3) Light exposure affects the sensitivity of pineals to VIP and PHI stimulation in a similar manner; pineals taken after 3 hr of light are much less sensitive to PHI or VIP than those taken after 13 hr of light. (4) Pineals exposed for 48 hr to either PHI or VIP have a reduced NAT response to either agonist, which is reversible by culture in agonist-free media. (5) Neither VIP nor PHI stimulation of NAT activity is affected by concentrations of the VIP antagonists (N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2)-GRF(1-29)-NH2 (NAcTDGRF), L-8-K, VIP-Neurotensin Hybrid (VIPNET), or (4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17)-VIP (4C1PLVIP), which affect VIP binding or function in other tissues.