Nature ecology & evolution · 2026

Global patterns in plant-pollinator specialization.

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Sakhalkar Sailee P, Blüthgen Nico, Burkle Laura A, CaraDonna Paul, Dalsgaard Bo, Dormann Carsten F, Kaiser-Bunbury Christopher N, Knight Tiffany M, Ollerton Jeff, Resasco Julian, Schleuning Matthias, Vázquez Diego P, Afagwu Rita N, Alarcón Ruben, Amorim Felipe W, Amorim Marsal D, Anýž Dominik, Arroyo-Correa Blanca, Artamendi Maddi, Atalay Zeynep, Bain Justin A, Baldock Katherine C R, Ballantyne Gavin, Ballarin Caio S, Balmaki Behnaz, Bartoš Michael, Belavadi Vasuki, Biella Paolo, Bjorkman Anne D, Borges João Paulo Raimundo, Bosch Jordi, Bosenbecker Camila, Boyer Stephane, Burghardt Karin T, Cardona Edson, Casiá-Ajché Quebin Bosbely, Castagna Anthony M T, Celep Ferhat, Chisté Melanie N, Clough Yann, Cook James M, Crowther Liam P, Reis Fabiana D, da Silva Luis P, Dáttilo Wesley, De Cárdenas Valeska, Díaz-Calafat Joan, Dicks Lynn V, Dickson Rye, Donald Marion L, Dyer Lee A, Dzekashu Fairo F, Kenefic Natalia Escobedo, Fayle Tom M, Figueroa Laura L, Filip Jan, García-Camacho Raúl, Gilpin Amy-Marie, Giménez-Benavides Luis, Gomes Ingrid N, Grab Heather, Grass Ingo, Guy Travis J, Hederström Veronica, Hernández-Castellano Carlos, Hervías-Parejo Sandra, Holzschuh Andrea, Hopfenmüller Sebastian, Iriondo José M, Janeček Štěpán, Jersáková Jana, Jha Shalene, Kantsa Aphrodite, Keasar Tamar, Kendall Liam, Klomberg Yannick, Kobe Ishmeal N, Krausl Theresia, Landaverde Patricia, Lara-Romero Carlos, Lattorff H Michael G, Librán-Embid Felipe, Ling Tial C, Lozada-Gobilard Sissi, Ewome Luma Francis, Luna Pedro, Aguiar Ludmilla M S, Machado Ana Carolina Pereira, Machado Isabel C, Magrach Ainhoa, Maihoff Fabienne, Marcacci Gabriel, Martínez-Núñez Carlos, Maruyama Pietro K, Matsubara Natsuki, Mayberry Maggie, Mello Marco A R, Diniz Ugo Mendes, Méndez Marcos, Mertens Jan E J, Milla Rubén, Morente-López Javier, Nadia Tarcila L, Nakas Georgios, Nielsen Anders, Ornai Alon, Osorio-Canadas Sergio, Osterman Wilhelm H A, Palmer Todd M, Petanidou Theodora, Pirk Christian W W, Prendergast Kit S, Primack Richard, Primo Luis M, Querejeta Marina, Quirino Zelma, Rech André Rodrigo, Reverté Sara, Rey Pedro J, Rocha-Filho Léo C, Domínguez Anselm Rodrigo, Rostami Masoud A, Russell Avery L, Santamaría Silvia, Santos Francisco A R, Sasaki Takehiro, Saunders Manu E, Silva Victor H D, Simanonok Michael P, Sounapoglou Antigoni, Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf, Tarrant Sam, Torices Rubén, Traveset Anna, Tscharntke Teja, Uceda-Gómez Guillermo, Urban-Mead Katherine R, van der Kooi Casper J, Westphal Catrin, Yusuf Abdullahi, Tropek Robert

Аннотация

Pollination is a key ecological process sustaining biodiversity and food security, yet global patterns of plant-pollinator specialization remain unresolved. Using a global dataset of quantitative plant-pollinator networks (>3,400 networks, >110,000 interactions), we show that specialization is latitudinally structured, but not as a single directional pattern. We find no consistent monotonic increase or decrease in specialization towards the Equator. Instead, network-level and pollinator specialization peak at low northern latitudes near the tropical-subtropical boundary, whereas plant specialization is hemispherically asymmetric. Climate is most often the best-supported predictor of specialization compared with latitude, biodiversity and environmental productivity. Network-level specialization declines with increasing mean annual temperature, with strong group-specific differences. Precipitation exerts nonlinear effects: plant specialization peaks at intermediate precipitation but is lower at the wettest sites, whereas pollinator specialization is lower at intermediate precipitation, although often in interaction with temperature. Pollinator groups diverge strongly, especially in contrasting precipitation-related patterns between birds and insects. These findings show that global plant-pollinator specialization is structured by latitude and climate in complex and taxon-specific ways, with implications for uneven responses of pollination networks to future climatic change.

Global patterns in plant-pollinator specialization.

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