European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
Accelerated TMS is associated with changes of subgenual cingulate-default mode network coupling in depression: an observational 7 Tesla fMRI study.
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Bracht Tobias, Borel Pascal, Dendorfer Stefan, Soravia Leila M, Adorjan Kristina, Walther Sebastian, Federspiel Andrea, Wiest Roland, Florineth Gianluca A, Denier Niklaus
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation (aTMS) is an effective treatment for depression, but its neurobiological mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. This study used high-resolution 7-Tesla MRI to investigate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) following a treatment series of aTMS. We hypothesized a decrease in sgACC rs-FC with key cortical regions of the default mode network (DMN), reflecting a downregulation of a network that is overactive in depression.
METHODS: Twenty-two patients with current depression underwent 7-Tesla MRI scans before and after a two-week aTMS treatment series (24,000 pulses) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Fourteen healthy participants were also scanned twice as a control group. Longitudinal changes in sgACC seed-based rs-FC were compared between groups. Furthermore, group differences were assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Exploratory correlations between longitudinal changes in sgACC rs-FC, depression severity, mindfulness, and affect were also evaluated.
RESULTS: There was a reduction in rs-FC between the sgACC and bilateral precunei, and between sgACC and left frontal pole in patients receiving aTMS. At baseline, patients had increased rs‑FC between the sgACC and a cluster including the left precuneus and a cluster in the right superior frontal gyrus. Exploratory correlations suggest an association between sgACC-precunei rs-FC changes and mindfulness (p = 0.008, uncorrected for multiple comparisons), while no associations were found with depression severity or affect.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with aTMS is associated with a reduction in rs‑FC between the sgACC and the DMN. Exploratory correlations with mindfulness warrant replication in larger, independent samples.
METHODS: Twenty-two patients with current depression underwent 7-Tesla MRI scans before and after a two-week aTMS treatment series (24,000 pulses) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Fourteen healthy participants were also scanned twice as a control group. Longitudinal changes in sgACC seed-based rs-FC were compared between groups. Furthermore, group differences were assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Exploratory correlations between longitudinal changes in sgACC rs-FC, depression severity, mindfulness, and affect were also evaluated.
RESULTS: There was a reduction in rs-FC between the sgACC and bilateral precunei, and between sgACC and left frontal pole in patients receiving aTMS. At baseline, patients had increased rs‑FC between the sgACC and a cluster including the left precuneus and a cluster in the right superior frontal gyrus. Exploratory correlations suggest an association between sgACC-precunei rs-FC changes and mindfulness (p = 0.008, uncorrected for multiple comparisons), while no associations were found with depression severity or affect.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with aTMS is associated with a reduction in rs‑FC between the sgACC and the DMN. Exploratory correlations with mindfulness warrant replication in larger, independent samples.