Journal of affective disorders · 2026
Effects of a self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy manual on depressive symptoms among youths incarcerated for drug-related offenses.
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Detchaiyot Pakinee, Vatanasin Duangjai, Chupan Siripim, Suntornvijitr Sarawalee
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are common among justice-involved youths, yet access to structured psychological support in correctional settings remains limited. This study examined the short-term effects of a self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) manual on depressive symptoms among youths incarcerated for drug-related offenses.
METHODS: A quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest design with a two-week follow-up was conducted among 100 male justice-involved youths in Thailand (50 per group). Participants were incarcerated for drug-related offenses and were receiving routine rehabilitation services within the correctional facility. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The intervention group completed an eight-session self-directed CBT manual, while the control group received routine care. Group-by-time effects were examined using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons and standardized effect sizes.
RESULTS: A significant group-by-time interaction was observed, F(1.726, 169.185) = 21.412, p < .001, partial eta squared = 0.179. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had lower depressive symptom scores at post-intervention and the two-week follow-up. Within the intervention group, depressive symptom scores decreased significantly from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up, with large within-group effect sizes.
CONCLUSIONS: The self-directed CBT manual was associated with short-term reductions in depressive symptom scores among justice-involved youths incarcerated for drug-related offenses. These findings suggest that a structured self-directed CBT manual may be a useful low-intensity psychosocial support option in correctional settings. Further studies using more rigorous designs and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
METHODS: A quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest design with a two-week follow-up was conducted among 100 male justice-involved youths in Thailand (50 per group). Participants were incarcerated for drug-related offenses and were receiving routine rehabilitation services within the correctional facility. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The intervention group completed an eight-session self-directed CBT manual, while the control group received routine care. Group-by-time effects were examined using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons and standardized effect sizes.
RESULTS: A significant group-by-time interaction was observed, F(1.726, 169.185) = 21.412, p < .001, partial eta squared = 0.179. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had lower depressive symptom scores at post-intervention and the two-week follow-up. Within the intervention group, depressive symptom scores decreased significantly from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up, with large within-group effect sizes.
CONCLUSIONS: The self-directed CBT manual was associated with short-term reductions in depressive symptom scores among justice-involved youths incarcerated for drug-related offenses. These findings suggest that a structured self-directed CBT manual may be a useful low-intensity psychosocial support option in correctional settings. Further studies using more rigorous designs and longer follow-up periods are warranted.