Pharmacological Management and Longitudinal Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Behavioral Changes During Stem Cell Therapy in a Patient With Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: A Case Report.

Polypharmacy is common in epilepsy, particularly in patients with psychiatric comorbidities requiring concomitant pharmacological treatment. Long-term treatment often increases the risk of adverse drug reactions and pharmacological interactions. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a topic of growing interest in neurology because of its immunomodulatory and neuromodulatory properties. We report the case of a 15-year-old female patient with mesial temporal sclerosis characterized by marked cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities requiring a complex five-drug pharmacological regimen. The patient underwent treatment with autologous stem cells harvested from the superficial abdominal fascia and was followed clinically for one year. During follow-up, the patient also continued to receive antiepileptic treatment, psychopharmacological management, psychotherapy, and multidisciplinary clinical care. Throughout follow-up, individualized pharmacological optimization was performed under close clinical monitoring. This case highlights the importance of individualized pharmacological management during longitudinal multidisciplinary care. The report describes the longitudinal clinical course and pharmacological optimization of a patient with mesial temporal sclerosis undergoing stem cell therapy within a broader multidisciplinary treatment framework.