Effect of music intervention on anxiety and pain after anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND

This prospective randomized study aimed to assess the effect of self-selected music, delivered via loudspeaker, on early postoperative anxiety and pain in patients who underwent anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) under spinal anesthesia without sedation.

METHODS

Adult male patients scheduled for AEEP were randomly allocated to either a music intervention group (self-preferred music) or a control group (no music). Baseline characteristics, preoperative urethral catheter status, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), operative duration, and pre- and postoperative anxiety scores (State Anxiety Inventory, SAI) were recorded. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate postoperative pain two hours after surgery.

RESULTS

A total of 135 patients were analyzed (music group, n= 67; control group, n= 68). Baseline characteristics and operative times were comparable between groups (p>0.05). The music group had significantly lower postoperative SAI (32.0 ± 7.32 vs. 38.38 ± 11.28; p = 0.001) and VAS scores (1 [1-2] vs. 2 [1-3]; p = 0.001). The reduction in postoperative SAI compared to preoperative value was also greater in the music group (14 [10.00-21.00] vs. 7 [1.00-11.75]; p = 0.001). Music type had no significant impact on outcomes (p>0.05). In multivariate analysis, music intervention and preoperative catheterization were independent predictors of postoperative anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

Self-selected music intervention significantly reduced early postoperative anxiety and pain following AEEP under spinal anesthesia. Given its simplicity and non-invasive nature, music may serve as an effective adjunct for enhancing patient comfort, regardless of music genre.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT07255118.