Natural language processing of patient in-session speech to predict brief motivational interviewing alcohol intervention response: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centred, goal-oriented psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and numerous other conditions. While some language patterns have been linked to MI response, less is known about how broader linguistic features, sentiment, and engagement relate to post-intervention drinking. This study used natural language processing to examine these associations and clarify mechanisms through which MI for AUD exerts its effects.

METHODS

Adults with AUD (N = 68) completed a single MI session with structured feedback and discussion of potential drinking changes. Speech transcripts were analysed for change-, emotion-, motivation-, substance-, and health-related words. Sentiment analysis assessed emotional polarity, and engagement was measured by total words spoken. Linear regression models tested associations between linguistic features and drinking outcomes, including drinks/week, percent heavy drinking days (%HDD), and percent drinking days (%DD).

RESULTS

Participants showed significant reductions in drinks per week and %DD. Consistent with recent reviews of MI predictors, linguistic analyses found that greater use of change talk and health-related language was associated with more drinks per week at follow-up, whereas greater emotional talk and positive sentiment predicted fewer drinks per week. Health- and substance-related language predicted higher %HDD, while social motivation-related language predicted lower %DD. Term-frequency and multivariate analyses supported these patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

Via natural language processing of MI speech, linguistic features such as motivational content and sentiment were linked to drinking outcomes. Findings demonstrate the potential of this approach as a scalable, data-driven complement to traditional coding systems, with applications for real-time feedback, clinician training, and personalized interventions.