Effects of a novel individualized digital cognitive training on ADHD characteristics, quality of life, and cognitive functioning in adults with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND

ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often linked to cognitive impairment. Digital cognitive training has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological treatment, but evidence in adults remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel digital cognitive training application "NeuroNation MED" in improving executive functions, ADHD characteristics, psychological quality of life, and everyday functioning in adults with ADHD.

METHOD: A single-blind randomized controlled trial with cross-over design included 77 adults with ADHD (German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00030767). Participants were randomized to a 12-week training program or to a control group receiving treatment as usual before crossing over.

RESULTS

Training produced a significant interaction effect on psychological quality of life, with participants in the training group showing improvements not observed in controls. Additionally, subjective ratings indicated greater perceived gains in attention, memory, language, and executive functions (d = 0.47 - 0.94). Exploratory analyses indicated associations between baseline performance and change scores; however, these findings were not specific to the training condition and should be interpreted with caution. These subjective benefits were not paralleled by significant changes in objective neuropsychological test performance or ADHD characteristics.

CONCLUSION

Cognitive Training demonstrated promising effects on perceived cognition and psychological well-being, though objective cognitive improvements were not observed. The discrepancy highlights the importance of considering both subjective and objective outcomes in ADHD interventions. Digital cognitive training may serve as an adjunct therapy for adults with ADHD, particularly in enhancing perceived functioning and quality of life. Larger, long-term studies with ecologically valid measures are needed to establish efficacy and generalizability.