Clinical Hypnosis in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Critical Review of Psychological and Physiological Outcomes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with significant psychological and physiological challenges. Clinical hypnosis has emerged as a complementary intervention to support emotional regulation and self-management in T2DM care. This critical narrative review evaluates empirical studies on the use of clinical hypnosis for managing psychological and physiological outcomes in individuals with T2DM. Systematic search procedures were applied in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, yielding six eligible studies published between 2011 and 2025 for inclusion in this critical narrative review. The findings suggest potential benefits in reducing stress and anxiety, enhancing self-care, and improving glycemic control. However, methodological limitations - such as non-randomized designs, small samples, and heterogeneous protocols - limit causal conclusions and replicability. Clinical hypnosis shows promise as an adjunctive approach in T2DM management, but further research using rigorous designs and objective measures is needed to establish its effectiveness and mechanisms.