Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026
Sex differences in the effects of stress and a cognitive emotion regulation microintervention on alcohol craving and inhibitory control in AUD.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Holzhauer Cathryn Glanton, Bickar Laurel
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The associations of stress and negative emotion with alcohol use are well established. These associations are mediated by cognitive and psychological mechanisms that may be sex-dependent. This pilot study examined sex differences in the effects of stress on inhibitory control and alcohol craving in the lab, and of the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal in mitigating stress effects among male and female veterans with alcohol use disorder (AUD).
METHODS: Twenty-six male and twenty-six female military veterans were randomized to the microintervention or control condition and engaged in two sessions. In Session 1, participants in the microintervention condition learned cognitive reappraisal to regulate negative emotion, while those in the control condition received health education. In Session 2, each participant underwent a personalized stress induction; after the induction, participants in the microintervention condition were instructed to use cognitive reappraisal, while those in the control group were asked to sit quietly. Changes in affect, craving, and inhibitory control were measured in response to the stress induction and after using cognitive reappraisal/sitting quietly.
RESULTS: At baseline, poorer inhibitory control was associated with higher alcohol craving among women but not associated with men. All participants had increased negative affect and craving in response to the stressor, with larger effect sizes among women. Across sexes, the condition using cognitive reappraisal after the stressor had improved inhibitory control, while the control condition had worsened inhibitory control. Sex further moderated these effects. Men, but not women, had improved inhibitory control after cognitive reappraisal; women had no change in inhibitory control in either condition. Alcohol craving remained elevated after using cognitive reappraisal and sitting quietly in men and women.
CONCLUSIONS: Pilot findings suggest an association of inhibitory control and alcohol craving specific to women, and a sex-dependent beneficial effect of cognitive reappraisal on stress-modulated inhibitory control for men.
METHODS: Twenty-six male and twenty-six female military veterans were randomized to the microintervention or control condition and engaged in two sessions. In Session 1, participants in the microintervention condition learned cognitive reappraisal to regulate negative emotion, while those in the control condition received health education. In Session 2, each participant underwent a personalized stress induction; after the induction, participants in the microintervention condition were instructed to use cognitive reappraisal, while those in the control group were asked to sit quietly. Changes in affect, craving, and inhibitory control were measured in response to the stress induction and after using cognitive reappraisal/sitting quietly.
RESULTS: At baseline, poorer inhibitory control was associated with higher alcohol craving among women but not associated with men. All participants had increased negative affect and craving in response to the stressor, with larger effect sizes among women. Across sexes, the condition using cognitive reappraisal after the stressor had improved inhibitory control, while the control condition had worsened inhibitory control. Sex further moderated these effects. Men, but not women, had improved inhibitory control after cognitive reappraisal; women had no change in inhibitory control in either condition. Alcohol craving remained elevated after using cognitive reappraisal and sitting quietly in men and women.
CONCLUSIONS: Pilot findings suggest an association of inhibitory control and alcohol craving specific to women, and a sex-dependent beneficial effect of cognitive reappraisal on stress-modulated inhibitory control for men.