Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026
Combining trauma therapy with computer-based neurocognitive training in soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder: a quasi-experimental study on symptom reduction and long-term memory functions.
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Muschner Patric, Goldschmidt Lena, Gröning Luisa Sophie, Spohrs Jennifer, Willmund Gerd-Dieter, Piefke Martina
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive training has the potential to reduce symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but its effects on memory dysfunctions related to the disorder remain unclear. Goal of this study was to examine if a computer-based neurocognitive training (c-bnt) improves verbal and visuospatial long-term memory and reduces PTSD and depressive symptoms in active soldiers with PTSD.
METHODS: In a quasi-randomized controlled design, soldiers suffering from PTSD were assigned to an intervention group (IG) or treatment as usual group (tauG). Long-term memory performance was assessed using the Verbal Learning and Memory Test (VLMT) and Visual Path Learning Test (VWLT) at baseline and after a three-week intervention period. Severity of PTSD symptoms and depression was assessed with the PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PCL-5) and the revised version of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Mixed ANOVAs and mediation analyses were applied to test intervention effects and putatively mediating influences of depression.
RESULTS: Compared to the tauG, the IG showed significant reductions in the PTSD symptoms avoidance (p = .038), negative cognitions (p = .044), as well as depression (p = .026). No significant improvements in verbal or visuospatial long-term memory were observed (all p >.05). Mediation analyses revealed no indirect effects of depressive symptoms on memory outcomes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: C-bnt was associated with modest, domain-specific reductions in PTSD-related avoidance and depressive symptoms at post-treatment, while no improvements in verbal or visuospatial long-term memory performance were observed. Symptom relief may thus be based on intermingled changes of diverse cognitive resources and emotional processes. We suggest that c-bnt may serve as a low-threshold adjunct to trauma-focused therapy, that may help to improve health condition and capabilities of everyday life in soldiers with PTSD.
METHODS: In a quasi-randomized controlled design, soldiers suffering from PTSD were assigned to an intervention group (IG) or treatment as usual group (tauG). Long-term memory performance was assessed using the Verbal Learning and Memory Test (VLMT) and Visual Path Learning Test (VWLT) at baseline and after a three-week intervention period. Severity of PTSD symptoms and depression was assessed with the PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PCL-5) and the revised version of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Mixed ANOVAs and mediation analyses were applied to test intervention effects and putatively mediating influences of depression.
RESULTS: Compared to the tauG, the IG showed significant reductions in the PTSD symptoms avoidance (p = .038), negative cognitions (p = .044), as well as depression (p = .026). No significant improvements in verbal or visuospatial long-term memory were observed (all p >.05). Mediation analyses revealed no indirect effects of depressive symptoms on memory outcomes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: C-bnt was associated with modest, domain-specific reductions in PTSD-related avoidance and depressive symptoms at post-treatment, while no improvements in verbal or visuospatial long-term memory performance were observed. Symptom relief may thus be based on intermingled changes of diverse cognitive resources and emotional processes. We suggest that c-bnt may serve as a low-threshold adjunct to trauma-focused therapy, that may help to improve health condition and capabilities of everyday life in soldiers with PTSD.