The Medical journal of Malaysia · 2026
A retrospective study on patterns of acute chemical poisoning in an urban tertiary hospital in Malaysia.
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Hamzah N H, Arithra A, Nor J
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Acute poisoning is a frequent reason for emergency department (ED) visits, with varying patterns of presentation across different regions. This study examines the clinical characteristics, sociodemographic factors, and outcomes associated with acute chemical poisoning in a Malaysian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case note review of acute chemical poisoning presenting to the ED of a tertiary government hospital in Malaysia from 2016 to 2018. Data were collected on sociodemographic details, clinical presentations, and outcomes, with multiple logistic regression used to identify factors associated with its complications.
RESULTS: A total of 260 cases were included, with 168 (64.6%) being intentional poisonings and 92 (35.4%) accidentals. The majority of patients were single (60.8%), male (58.5%), and of Indian ethnicity (57.3%). The most common agents were pesticides (42.2%). The overall complication rate was 14.2%, and the mortality rate was 4.6%. The most frequent complications were respiratory insufficiency (11.5%) and renal failure (6.5%). Factors significantly associated with complications included intentional poisoning (AOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.05-9.66, p=0.042), ethnicity (Chinese: AOR 12.85, 95% CI 1.40-118.35, p=0.024; other races: AOR 25.99, 95% CI 2.34-238.00, p=0.004), exposure during daytime hours (AOR 12.79, 95% CI 1.52-107.42, p=0.019), and a delay of 2-12 hours before ED visit (AOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.02-5.20, p=0.045).
CONCLUSION: Acute chemical poisoning is more common in single males with intentional exposures. Important factors associated with its complications include age, ethnicity, the time of exposure, and delayed presentation to the ED.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case note review of acute chemical poisoning presenting to the ED of a tertiary government hospital in Malaysia from 2016 to 2018. Data were collected on sociodemographic details, clinical presentations, and outcomes, with multiple logistic regression used to identify factors associated with its complications.
RESULTS: A total of 260 cases were included, with 168 (64.6%) being intentional poisonings and 92 (35.4%) accidentals. The majority of patients were single (60.8%), male (58.5%), and of Indian ethnicity (57.3%). The most common agents were pesticides (42.2%). The overall complication rate was 14.2%, and the mortality rate was 4.6%. The most frequent complications were respiratory insufficiency (11.5%) and renal failure (6.5%). Factors significantly associated with complications included intentional poisoning (AOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.05-9.66, p=0.042), ethnicity (Chinese: AOR 12.85, 95% CI 1.40-118.35, p=0.024; other races: AOR 25.99, 95% CI 2.34-238.00, p=0.004), exposure during daytime hours (AOR 12.79, 95% CI 1.52-107.42, p=0.019), and a delay of 2-12 hours before ED visit (AOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.02-5.20, p=0.045).
CONCLUSION: Acute chemical poisoning is more common in single males with intentional exposures. Important factors associated with its complications include age, ethnicity, the time of exposure, and delayed presentation to the ED.