Perception of pitch contours in single words in alaryngeal speech.

The perception and production of pitch contours were investigated in single words produced by two groups of alaryngeal speakers: tracheo-oesophageal (TE) and oesophageal (E) speakers. High quality tape-recordings of three tonal patterns by four oesophageal and eight tracheo-oesophageal speakers in monosyllabic words were judged by a group of six speech and language therapy listeners. The results indicated that tonal patterns can be produced with a relatively high level of reliability for both speaker groups. Some individual speakers from both groups approached predicted normal levels. These findings emphasise the importance of providing the opportunity for patients to acquire either of these speech modes in alaryngeal rehabilitation, rather than simply being provided with an artificial larynx, particularly in countries where tone languages are used. The high variability between groups also suggests that other variables apart from alaryngeal speech mode may be relevant in determining ability to signal tonal patterns.