Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary management of chronic pain.

Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary pain management programs incorporate a biopsychosocial model in assessing and treating pain and result in pain reduction, improved quality of life, and psychosocial functioning. Additionally, return-to-work and vocational outcomes may be seen in selected patients. Treatment teams may include a physiatrist, a physical or occupational therapist,a pain psychologist, a relaxation (biofeedback) therapist, vocational and therapeutic recreational therapists, social workers, and nurses. The key component to program success is collaborative ongoing communication among team members, the patient, and the case manager.