Efficacy and Safety of Oral Antihistamines for Allergic Rhinitis: Network Meta-Analysis.
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Vieira Rafael José, Gil-Mata Sara, Ferreira André, Riera-Serra Pau, Bognanni Antonio, Duarte Vítor Henrique, Viegas Hugo, Pereira Ana Margarida, Ferreira-da-Silva Renato, Ferreira-Cardoso Henrique, Marques-Cruz Manuel, Castro-Teles João, Campos-Lopes Miguel, Teixeira-Ferreira Ana, Lourenço-Silva Nuno, Boechat José Laerte, Borowiack Ewa, Sadowska Ewelina, Costa Raquel Albuquerque, Perestrelo Paula, Pereira Marta Soares, Pereira-Macedo Juliana, Ierodiakonou Despo, Chu Alexandro W L, Calvi Izabela Pera, Torres Maria Inês, Silva Ribeiro Rita A, Thomander Tuuli, Valiulis Arunas, Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan, Bedbrook Anna, Klimek Ludger, Yepes Nuñez Juan Jose, Zuberbier Torsten, Fonseca João A, Schünemann Holger J, Bousquet Jean, Sousa-Pinto Bernardo, ARIA 2024-2025 Guideline Panel
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of individual OAHs in patients with AR.
METHODS: We searched 4 electronic bibliographic databases and 3 clinical trial databases for randomized controlled trials assessing adults with perennial or seasonal AR, and comparing (1) OAH versus placebo or (2) different individual OAHs. We performed a network meta-analysis on the Total Nasal Symptom Score, Total Ocular Symptom Score, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, development of adverse events, and withdrawals due to adverse events. Certainty of evidence for comparisons involving the most clinically relevant second-generation OAHs was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment and Evaluation approach to network meta-analysis.
RESULTS: We included 74 randomized controlled trials (21 on perennial AR and 53 on seasonal AR). Cetirizine, ebastine, bilastine, and rupatadine were among the individual medications associated with the highest efficacy for improving nasal symptoms. For other efficacy outcomes, the most efficacious interventions varied. A similar frequency of adverse events was observed among different individual second-generation OAHs, with serious adverse events being rare. For most comparisons, the certainty of evidence was rated as "low" or "very low," indicating substantial uncertainty regarding the treatment effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Although some OAHs seem to be more efficacious than others, most of the differences between individual second-generation medications are trivial or small. In addition, we did not find any relevant differences in the safety profiles of second-generation OAHs.