Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025
A Comprehensive 4-layered In Silico Pharmacogenomics Analysis of the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test: Strong Genetic Evidence Supporting GARS as a Novel Personalized Pre-addiction Assessment Tool in the Opioid Crisis Era.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Sharafshah Alireza, Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe, Elman Igor, Baron David, Thanos Panayotis K, Hanna Colin, Gold Mark S, Badgaiyan Rajendra D, Cadet Jean Lud, Modestino Edward J, Braverman Eric R, Dennen Catherine A, Makale Milan, Sunder Keerthy, Murphy Kevin T, Bowirrat Abdalla, Pinhasov Albert, Gondre-Lewis Marjorie, Gardner Eliot, Sipple Daniel, Jafari Nicole, Zeine Foojan, Khalsa Jag, Fiorelli Rossano Kepler Alvim, Blum Kenneth
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Overdose involving opioids is the black heart of the addiction crisis. "Pre-addiction," as an encouraging concept by NIDA and NIAAA, seems best captured with the construct of dopamine dysregulation. Referring to the abundant publications on "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS), Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test, RDSQ29, and KB220, Pre-addiction can be referred to as "reward dysregulation" as a suitable suggestion. The hypothesis is that the true phenotype is RDS, and other behavioral disorders are endophenotypes where the genetic variants play important roles, specifically in the Brain Reward Cascade (BRC).
METHODS: This study tested the pharmacogenomics of the GARS panel by a multi-model in silico investigation in four layers: 1) Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs); 2) Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs); 3) Disease, drugs and chemicals (DDCs); and 4) Gene Coexpression Networks (GCNs).
RESULTS: All in silico findings were combined in an Enrichment Analysis for 59 refined genes, which represented highly significant associations of dopamine pathways in the BRC and supported our hypothesis.
CONCLUSION: This paper provides scientific evidence for the importance of incorporating GARS as a predictive test to identify Pre-addiction, introduce unique therapeutic targets assisting in the treatment of pain, drug dosing of prescription pharmaceuticals, and identify the risk for subsequent addiction early in -life.
METHODS: This study tested the pharmacogenomics of the GARS panel by a multi-model in silico investigation in four layers: 1) Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs); 2) Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs); 3) Disease, drugs and chemicals (DDCs); and 4) Gene Coexpression Networks (GCNs).
RESULTS: All in silico findings were combined in an Enrichment Analysis for 59 refined genes, which represented highly significant associations of dopamine pathways in the BRC and supported our hypothesis.
CONCLUSION: This paper provides scientific evidence for the importance of incorporating GARS as a predictive test to identify Pre-addiction, introduce unique therapeutic targets assisting in the treatment of pain, drug dosing of prescription pharmaceuticals, and identify the risk for subsequent addiction early in -life.