Emerging techniques in orthopedics: advances in neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is defined as the application of an electric current to neuromuscular tissue to elicit a muscle contraction. It is typically applied in a clinical setting to strengthen muscle, particularly the quadriceps femoris, through repetitive contractions. Most studies to date involving NMES have been conducted using conventional lead-wired, or "single path" devices, and while effective, these devices have inherent limitations around comfort and incomplete muscle recruitment. In a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind trial, investigators found that using a novel "Multipath" device was effective when combined with standard rehabilitation in accelerating recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Additional research is warranted to explore whether this effect also occurs after other types of knee surgery.