Environmental behavior and eco-toxicity of xylene in aquatic environments: A review.

With the demand for chemicals and fuels increasing continuously, the occurrence of accidental leakage poses great risks to the aquatic environment. Xylene, a hazardous and noxious substance, has been major concerns with regard to heterogeneity and eco-toxicity towards aquatic organisms. This review focused on the ecotoxicological hazards of m-, o-, and p-xylene, as well as mixed xylene, on aquatic organisms. The mechanism of action of xylenes was also demonstrated in details. The purpose of this review was to further understand transfer and diffusion of toxicity on marine and freshwater organisms of xylene in the aquatic environment. Another aim was to screen sensitive biomarkers which were suitable for ecotoxicological assessment and monitoring in an aquatic system.