Aging & mental health · 2026
Marital status and alcohol use among older adults: the mediating roles of depressive symptoms and loneliness.
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Boman Erika, Jemberie Wossenseged Birhane, Åkerman Sarah, Snellman Fredrik, Nyqvist Fredrica
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of baseline marital status and partnership-status trajectories with alcohol use, gender differences, and potential mediation by depressive symptoms and loneliness.
METHODS: Participants were 5071 adults (53.6% women; 65-85 years) in the 2016 and 2021 Gerontological Regional Database waves in Northern Sweden and Western Finland. Partnered status included marriage, cohabitation, or living-apart-together; unpartnered status included single, divorced, or widowed. Partnership-status trajectories distinguished those who remained or transitioned to unpartnered status from those who remained or transitioned to partnered status. AUDIT-C assessed 2021 abstinence, low-risk (scores 1-3), hazardous drinking (≥4), and binge drinking (≥6 drinks/occasion at least monthly). Elevated depressive symptoms were defined as GDS-4 ≥ 2. Inverse-probability-weighted multinomial, logistic, and mediation models were estimated.
RESULTS: At baseline, unpartnered respondents were more likely to abstain than partnered respondents. Unpartnered trajectories were associated with abstinence (adjusted relative risk ratio = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16-1.68), but not binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66-1.43). Among women, unpartnered trajectories were associated with lower hazardous drinking and binge drinking. No indirect effects via depressive symptoms or loneliness were observed.
CONCLUSION: Unpartnered older adults were more likely to abstain. Among women, partnership was associated with hazardous and binge drinking. These patterns may reflect shared drinking environments and partnership-related social contexts rather than psychological distress following marital loss.
METHODS: Participants were 5071 adults (53.6% women; 65-85 years) in the 2016 and 2021 Gerontological Regional Database waves in Northern Sweden and Western Finland. Partnered status included marriage, cohabitation, or living-apart-together; unpartnered status included single, divorced, or widowed. Partnership-status trajectories distinguished those who remained or transitioned to unpartnered status from those who remained or transitioned to partnered status. AUDIT-C assessed 2021 abstinence, low-risk (scores 1-3), hazardous drinking (≥4), and binge drinking (≥6 drinks/occasion at least monthly). Elevated depressive symptoms were defined as GDS-4 ≥ 2. Inverse-probability-weighted multinomial, logistic, and mediation models were estimated.
RESULTS: At baseline, unpartnered respondents were more likely to abstain than partnered respondents. Unpartnered trajectories were associated with abstinence (adjusted relative risk ratio = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16-1.68), but not binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66-1.43). Among women, unpartnered trajectories were associated with lower hazardous drinking and binge drinking. No indirect effects via depressive symptoms or loneliness were observed.
CONCLUSION: Unpartnered older adults were more likely to abstain. Among women, partnership was associated with hazardous and binge drinking. These patterns may reflect shared drinking environments and partnership-related social contexts rather than psychological distress following marital loss.