First Responders' Knowledge of and Training Needs in Autism: An Integration of Key Perspectives and Evidence-Based Practice.

Autistic people require frequent support from first responders (FRs) as a function of the core and associated features of their diagnosis; however, they often report negative experiences with FRs and avoid contacting 911. The goals of this study were to generate sustainable, community-informed training standards on autism that are applicable across branches of emergency response to address this concern. Autistic adults, caregivers of autistic people, and first responders were interviewed and surveyed to generate core recommendations, which were cross-referenced with evidence-based practices. Multiple recommendations emerged: FRs should be trained in autism identification and strategies focused on supporting sensory needs and communication; streamlining response efforts across responding units; identifying and involving the person's best advocate to guide interactions; using special interests to support the person; and sharing resources to improve future interactions. FRs should be flexible in their implementation of procedures given the unique challenges many autistic people face. An Autism Response Protocol is proposed that outlines these key strategies to inform future first responder training in autism. This study has important practice implications for future autism training program standards in policing as well as across partnering FR disciplines.