BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026
Perceived partner support during pregnancy and its associations with anxiety, antenatal care utilization, and fear of childbirth: a cross-sectional mediation analysis.
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Özbek Hilal, Dilmen Sibel
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Perceived partner support during pregnancy influences maternal mental health and antenatal care utilization. However, limited evidence exists regarding how different dimensions of partner support relate to pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth, and the mechanisms underlying these associations. This study examined the associations between perceived partner support, pregnancy-related anxiety, antenatal care utilization, and fear of childbirth, and explored the mediating role of pregnancy-related anxiety.
METHODS: A total of 331 pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Perceived Partner Support Scale, the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale, and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of regular antenatal care utilization. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of pregnancy-related anxiety. After controlling for sociodemographic and relational variables, a mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 4) with 5,000 bootstrap samples.
RESULTS: Financial support was a significant negative predictor of pregnancy-related anxiety (B = - 2.19, p < 0.001), while pregnancy-related anxiety was positively associated with fear of childbirth (B = 0.88, p < 0.001). Financial support also had a significant direct effect on fear of childbirth (B = - 1.47, p = 0.002). The mediation analysis showed that pregnancy-related anxiety partially mediated the relationship between financial support and fear of childbirth (indirect effect = - 1.93, 95%CI [- 2.73, - 1.27]). Additionally, the logistic regression analysis indicated that financial support significantly increased the likelihood of regular antenatal care utilization (OR = 1.66, p = 0.024), while higher pregnancy-related anxiety was associated with a decreased likelihood of regular antenatal care utilization (OR = 0.91, p = 0.014). All models were statistically significant (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Partner support during pregnancy plays a multifaceted role in maternal psychological well-being and health-related behaviors. Partners' financial support emerged as a key protective factor associated with lower pregnancy-related anxiety, reduced fear of childbirth, and greater utilization of antenatal care. Pregnancy-related anxiety serves as an important mediating mechanism. These findings underscore the importance of family-centered antenatal care approaches that actively involve partners and address both psychosocial and structural support needs.
METHODS: A total of 331 pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Perceived Partner Support Scale, the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale, and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of regular antenatal care utilization. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of pregnancy-related anxiety. After controlling for sociodemographic and relational variables, a mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 4) with 5,000 bootstrap samples.
RESULTS: Financial support was a significant negative predictor of pregnancy-related anxiety (B = - 2.19, p < 0.001), while pregnancy-related anxiety was positively associated with fear of childbirth (B = 0.88, p < 0.001). Financial support also had a significant direct effect on fear of childbirth (B = - 1.47, p = 0.002). The mediation analysis showed that pregnancy-related anxiety partially mediated the relationship between financial support and fear of childbirth (indirect effect = - 1.93, 95%CI [- 2.73, - 1.27]). Additionally, the logistic regression analysis indicated that financial support significantly increased the likelihood of regular antenatal care utilization (OR = 1.66, p = 0.024), while higher pregnancy-related anxiety was associated with a decreased likelihood of regular antenatal care utilization (OR = 0.91, p = 0.014). All models were statistically significant (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Partner support during pregnancy plays a multifaceted role in maternal psychological well-being and health-related behaviors. Partners' financial support emerged as a key protective factor associated with lower pregnancy-related anxiety, reduced fear of childbirth, and greater utilization of antenatal care. Pregnancy-related anxiety serves as an important mediating mechanism. These findings underscore the importance of family-centered antenatal care approaches that actively involve partners and address both psychosocial and structural support needs.