Improving Anal Cancer Screening Messages Through Interviews From Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Anal cancer disproportionately affects men who have sex with men, particularly those living with HIV, yet screening rates remain low. This mixed-methods study examined the acceptability of anal self-exams and companion exams as supplemental screening tools among 131 participants in Chicago, IL, and Houston, TX. Data were collected through surveys and interviews and analyzed using thematic and descriptive methods. Findings indicate strong support for normalizing self and companion exams, with participants emphasizing the importance of culturally tailored messaging, diverse representation, and visuals that reduce stigma and simplify information. Trusted community sources were preferred over unfamiliar or commercial entities. Participants responded positively to messaging that framed screening in a hopeful and empowering manner, highlighting the value of approachable, relatable communication. Despite limitations in generalizability, these results provide actionable guidance for designing interventions that increase awareness, address barriers, and promote anal cancer screening among high-risk populations. Integrating culturally relevant, trusted, and visually engaging messaging into public health initiatives may enhance the effectiveness of anal cancer prevention strategies.