[Azacitidine treatment for acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes during peritoneal dialysis].

Azacitidine (AZA) is useful for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome; however, there are a few case reports involving patients receiving hemodialysis and no case reports involving patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. We describe a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) receiving peritoneal dialysis who was treated with AZA. Peritoneal dialysis was initiated for an 85-year-old man with chronic renal failure in April 2014. In February 2015, peripheral blood analysis showed pancytopenia and bone marrow examination revealed excess of myeloblasts and dysplasia of trilineage cells. He was diagnosed with AML-MRC and treated with AZA because of being elderly and suffering from chronic renal failure. He achieved transfusion independence after 1 course and hematological remission after 3 courses of AZA treatment, without severe side effects. This case suggests that AZA is an effective therapeutic option for patients with AML-MRC receiving peritoneal dialysis.