Liprin-α family proteins and their cellular functions.

Scaffold proteins are critical for the spatial organization and assembly of subcellular compartments through interactions with specific binding partners. The liprin-α family of scaffold proteins are implicated in diverse cellular functions across both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. All four liprin-α isoforms contribute to presynaptic active zone formation, promoting synaptic vesicle accumulation and neurotransmitter release. Additionally, there is evidence that liprin-α plays a role in postsynaptic cellular processes such as dendritic growth, spinogenesis, and AMPA receptor trafficking. Due to ubiquitous expression, liprin-α1 regulates cell adhesion and motility. This review summarizes liprin-α functions, emphasizing its interactors and associated signaling pathways. Liprin-α proteins participate in multivalent interactions and undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, a mechanism postulated to promote the formation of membrane-less compartments. This review further examines regulatory mechanisms that govern liprin-α function and phase separation.