Journal of pain and symptom management · 2026
Internet Images of Palliative Care: A Visual Content Analysis.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Buenrostro Alejandra Ruiz, Khorramak Katayoun, Dent Eliza, Ghoshal Arun, Wennberg Karl, Castro Jacqueline Alcalde, Hannon Breffni, Lo Samantha, Swami Nadia, Pope Ashley, Le Lisa W, Zimmermann Camilla
Аннотация
CONTEXT: Palliative care is often misunderstood as end-of-life care. The internet may shape public understanding.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the visual content of internet images of palliative care.
METHODS: We conducted a visual content analysis of internet images retrieved using the term "palliative care". Searches were conducted on April 1, 2022, in Toronto, Canada, using six search engines; the first 150 photographic images from each engine were included. Image characteristics were coded by two independent coders using a standardized codebook. Coded characteristics were quantified and compared using Chi-square tests. Two investigators independently reviewed the coded data and original images, and identified overarching themes.
RESULTS: After deduplication, 335 unique images from 377 websites were analyzed. Websites were mostly from the US (173/369 [46.9%]) or Canada (92/369 [24.9%]); 160/369 (43.4%) were affiliated with hospice/palliative care programs. Four themes emerged: hand-holding, enclosed setting, cheerful comfort care, and passive dependency. Hand-holding appeared in 203/335 images (60.6%). Most identifiable settings were indoors (162/171 [94.7%]); of 67 hospital scenes, 47 (70.1%) were at the bedside and 4 (6.0%) outpatient. Healthcare providers and family members (73.3% and 73.8% women, respectively) cheerfully provided comfort care (e.g., offered food/drink). Compared to healthcare providers, patients were more often older adults (2/157 [1.3%; 0.2%-4.5%] vs. 136/157 [86.6%; 80.3%-91.5%]) who were lying/sitting; only 2/157 (1.3%, 0.2%-4.5%) patients were standing, compared to 68/157 (43.3%, 35.4%-51.5%) healthcare providers.
CONCLUSION: Internet images reinforce stereotypes and misperceptions about palliative care as passive end-of-life care. Changing internet imagery may help reframe perceptions and enable more timely palliative care.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the visual content of internet images of palliative care.
METHODS: We conducted a visual content analysis of internet images retrieved using the term "palliative care". Searches were conducted on April 1, 2022, in Toronto, Canada, using six search engines; the first 150 photographic images from each engine were included. Image characteristics were coded by two independent coders using a standardized codebook. Coded characteristics were quantified and compared using Chi-square tests. Two investigators independently reviewed the coded data and original images, and identified overarching themes.
RESULTS: After deduplication, 335 unique images from 377 websites were analyzed. Websites were mostly from the US (173/369 [46.9%]) or Canada (92/369 [24.9%]); 160/369 (43.4%) were affiliated with hospice/palliative care programs. Four themes emerged: hand-holding, enclosed setting, cheerful comfort care, and passive dependency. Hand-holding appeared in 203/335 images (60.6%). Most identifiable settings were indoors (162/171 [94.7%]); of 67 hospital scenes, 47 (70.1%) were at the bedside and 4 (6.0%) outpatient. Healthcare providers and family members (73.3% and 73.8% women, respectively) cheerfully provided comfort care (e.g., offered food/drink). Compared to healthcare providers, patients were more often older adults (2/157 [1.3%; 0.2%-4.5%] vs. 136/157 [86.6%; 80.3%-91.5%]) who were lying/sitting; only 2/157 (1.3%, 0.2%-4.5%) patients were standing, compared to 68/157 (43.3%, 35.4%-51.5%) healthcare providers.
CONCLUSION: Internet images reinforce stereotypes and misperceptions about palliative care as passive end-of-life care. Changing internet imagery may help reframe perceptions and enable more timely palliative care.