Frontiers in psychology · 2026
Physical activity determinants, 24-h movement behaviors, and cardiovascular fitness in young adults: an integrated theoretical model perspective.
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Gu Dandong, Amin Zarmina, Oginni John, Mavoungou Jessh, Gao Zan
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Guided by Social Cognitive Theory and the Transtheoretical Model, this study examined differences in physical activity (PA) determinants, 24-h movement behaviors, and cardiovascular fitness (CRF) across stages of change among Chinese college students. Associations between PA determinants, movement behaviors, and CRF were also examined.
METHODS: Participants were 220 Chinese college students (105 males; M age = 20.15 ± 1.01 years). Students completed validated questionnaires assessing PA determinants (i.e., PA strategies, decisional balance, self-efficacy, social support, enjoyment, and perceived environment). One week of 24-h movement behaviors (sedentary time, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA], sleep duration and sleep efficiency) was assessed using ActiGraph Link accelerometers. CRF was assessed using a standardized 3-min step test.
RESULTS: Participants classified in higher stages of PA behavior change reported significantly more favorable PA determinants than those in lower stages, including higher self-efficacy (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.12), decisional balance (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.034), PA strategies (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.05), friend support (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.06), and enjoyment (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.07). No significant stage-group differences were observed for accelerometry-derived measured movement behaviors or CRF. Regression analyses showed that MVPA (t = 1.96, p = 0.05) and self-efficacy (t = 1.84, p = 0.06) were the strongest contributors to CRF. Light PA (t = 16.73, p < 0.01) positively predicted with MVPA, whereas sleep efficiency was negatively predicted with MVPA (t = -2.00, p < 0.01). Additionally, MVPA and sedentary behavior (t = -4.87, p < 0.01) were significant negative predictors for sleep efficiency.
CONCLUSION: College students with high stages of PA behavior change demonstrated more positive psychological determinants of PA, though objective activity levels and fitness did not differ. MVPA and self-efficacy emerged as key influences on CRF, highlighting the importance of motivational and behavioral regulation strategies in college-based PA promotion and support the development of stage-tailored, theory-informed PA interventions for college students.
METHODS: Participants were 220 Chinese college students (105 males; M age = 20.15 ± 1.01 years). Students completed validated questionnaires assessing PA determinants (i.e., PA strategies, decisional balance, self-efficacy, social support, enjoyment, and perceived environment). One week of 24-h movement behaviors (sedentary time, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA], sleep duration and sleep efficiency) was assessed using ActiGraph Link accelerometers. CRF was assessed using a standardized 3-min step test.
RESULTS: Participants classified in higher stages of PA behavior change reported significantly more favorable PA determinants than those in lower stages, including higher self-efficacy (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.12), decisional balance (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.034), PA strategies (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.05), friend support (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.06), and enjoyment (p < 0.01, ƞ 2 = 0.07). No significant stage-group differences were observed for accelerometry-derived measured movement behaviors or CRF. Regression analyses showed that MVPA (t = 1.96, p = 0.05) and self-efficacy (t = 1.84, p = 0.06) were the strongest contributors to CRF. Light PA (t = 16.73, p < 0.01) positively predicted with MVPA, whereas sleep efficiency was negatively predicted with MVPA (t = -2.00, p < 0.01). Additionally, MVPA and sedentary behavior (t = -4.87, p < 0.01) were significant negative predictors for sleep efficiency.
CONCLUSION: College students with high stages of PA behavior change demonstrated more positive psychological determinants of PA, though objective activity levels and fitness did not differ. MVPA and self-efficacy emerged as key influences on CRF, highlighting the importance of motivational and behavioral regulation strategies in college-based PA promotion and support the development of stage-tailored, theory-informed PA interventions for college students.