Care Needs and Care Options for Frail Older People Living Alone in Italy: An Exploratory Mixed Study.

Background/Objectives: People aged 65 years and older who live alone and have limited functional abilities need support in many circumstances and for a variety of activities. This study was conducted to explore the available formal and informal help for seniors, using findings from the "Inclusive Ageing in Place" (IN-AGE) study. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2019 in three Italian regions, i.e., Lombardy in the north, Marche in the centre, and Calabria in the south, and involved 120 older people who lived at home, either alone or with a personal/private care assistant (PCA). Using a mixed-methods approach revealed both qualitative (thematic/content analysis of narratives) and quantitative (quantifications of statements) results. Results: This study identified several needs of seniors in different circumstances concerning basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL and IADL), health, and mobility in/outside the home. The seniors reported that support was provided primarily by their families, followed by friends and neighbours. Public home services were considered insufficient. The participants also reported using mobility aids and instances of self-sufficiency. Conclusions: These results highlight the need to improve support services for frail seniors and to better integrate formal and informal caregiving to facilitate ageing in place and promote the well-being of older people. Adequate interventions should be implemented for both older people and their family caregivers, who play a central role in care.