The Role of Volunteers in Providing Palliative Care Services in Iran: A Qualitative Study.

Access to palliative care for patients with chronic illnesses, including cancer, is essential. However, limited health system resources and reliance on charitable support in many countries have created service gaps. Volunteers can play a key role in bridging these gaps. This qualitative study explored the roles and responsibilities of volunteers in Iran's palliative care services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders involved in volunteer-based palliative care, including policymakers/program managers, palliative care providers, community participation/public engagement experts, volunteers, and family caregivers. Data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's approach with MAXQDA 20 software. The central theme identified was "Volunteers as the Missing Link in the Health System." Three main categories emerged: (1) facilitators of volunteer services, including perceived benefits for volunteers, patients, families, and the community; (2) management of volunteer services, encompassing infrastructure, planning, and leadership; and (3) outcomes of volunteering, including cultural promotion and invisible impacts. Volunteer involvement in palliative care may yield multidimensional benefits and foster a culture of participation. Effective management is essential to ensure structured and sustainable engagement. Stakeholders should prioritize the development of legal frameworks (Policies and Governmental or facility), standardized training, and organizational models to institutionalize volunteer participation in palliative care.