Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research · 2026
The Association Between Loneliness and Suicidal Behaviour Among Adolescents Who Experience a Relative or Friend's Suicide or Suicide Attempt: Longitudinal Study of the Add Health Cohort.
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Liu Yongshi, Leaune Edouard, Pitman Alexandra
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Adolescents who experience a peer or relative's suicidal behavior can feel alienated from their peers and are at increased risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts. However, it is unclear whether loneliness is a risk factor for suicidal behavior in this vulnerable group.
METHOD: We analyzed data from 5,259 participants in the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) reporting past-year experience of the suicide or suicide attempt of a friend or relative at either Wave I or II. We examined the longitudinal association between past-week loneliness (exposure, captured at cohort entry) and suicidal ideation and attempt (outcomes, captured in subsequent waves, to Wave IV) among adolescents.
RESULTS: Loneliness was significantly associated with probability of later suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% CI [1.46, 2.60], p < 0.001) and attempt (OR = 1.72, 95% CI [1.10, 2.68], p = 0.017), also when adjusted for sociodemographic variables (adjusted OR [AOR] = 2.01, 95% CI = [1.50, 2.68], p < 0.001; AOR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.11, 2.80], p = 0.016, respectively) but these associations were non-significant in our final models accounting for baseline depression (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI [0.83, 1.64], p = 0.377; AOR = 1.22, 95% CI [0.70, 2.11], p = 0.468, respectively). A priori interaction tests suggested that the influence of loneliness on suicidal ideation was more pronounced at one-year follow-up than after 6-13-year follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the need for targeted strategies to address loneliness in adolescents who experience the suicidal behavior of a close contact, with a focus on proactive early intervention to address loneliness and depression to reduce suicidal distress.
METHOD: We analyzed data from 5,259 participants in the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) reporting past-year experience of the suicide or suicide attempt of a friend or relative at either Wave I or II. We examined the longitudinal association between past-week loneliness (exposure, captured at cohort entry) and suicidal ideation and attempt (outcomes, captured in subsequent waves, to Wave IV) among adolescents.
RESULTS: Loneliness was significantly associated with probability of later suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% CI [1.46, 2.60], p < 0.001) and attempt (OR = 1.72, 95% CI [1.10, 2.68], p = 0.017), also when adjusted for sociodemographic variables (adjusted OR [AOR] = 2.01, 95% CI = [1.50, 2.68], p < 0.001; AOR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.11, 2.80], p = 0.016, respectively) but these associations were non-significant in our final models accounting for baseline depression (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI [0.83, 1.64], p = 0.377; AOR = 1.22, 95% CI [0.70, 2.11], p = 0.468, respectively). A priori interaction tests suggested that the influence of loneliness on suicidal ideation was more pronounced at one-year follow-up than after 6-13-year follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the need for targeted strategies to address loneliness in adolescents who experience the suicidal behavior of a close contact, with a focus on proactive early intervention to address loneliness and depression to reduce suicidal distress.