Integration of Pediatric Palliative Care in Oncology: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric palliative care (PPC) enhances quality of life for children with cancer and their families, yet its systematic integration into oncology practice remains limited, particularly in hospital-based care. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize international evidence on how PPC is designed, implemented, and evaluated in pediatric oncology inpatient settings, and to identify key barriers and facilitators to its clinical integration.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (2014-2025). Reporting followed PRISMA-ScR standards. Data were charted and narratively synthesized.

RESULTS

Thirty-four studies from 18 countries met inclusion criteria. Most used qualitative methods (n = 12), followed by retrospective chart reviews (n = 7), surveys (n = 4), and reviews or guidelines (n = 11). Evidence revealed delayed initiation of PPC, heterogeneous service models, and limited outcome evaluation. Seven recurrent barriers emerged: absence of standardized models, structural constraints, inadequate staff training, suboptimal communication and family engagement, emotional and cultural barriers, psychosocial strain, and insufficient evaluation frameworks.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight a global need to integrate early, family-centered PPC within pediatric oncology inpatient care. Health systems should prioritize staff training, establish adaptable interdisciplinary models, and implement structured evaluation strategies to strengthen the quality and consistency of PPC delivery.