BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025
Relationships of motivation, self-efficacy and social support with healthy eating behaviours among adolescents.
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Fraczek Natalia, Robbins Lorraine B, Varpaei Hesam A, Arcoleo Kimberly, Ling Jiying
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Psychosocial factors contributing to the continued failure of adolescents to follow the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020-2025) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the relationships of adolescents' autonomous motivation, self-efficacy and social support with the healthy eating index (HEI) total (primary outcome), whole fruit, total fruit, vegetable, sodium, added sugar and caloric intake (secondary outcomes).
METHODS: A secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomised controlled trial was conducted. A total of 935 5th-8th graders, aged 10-14 years, were enrolled. Generalised linear models and structural equation models examined relationships of motivation, social support and self-efficacy for healthy eating with healthy eating behaviours.
RESULTS: In this sample (51% female, mean age=12.08±0.99), 48.24% were black/African American, and 48.2% were overweight/obese. In generalised linear models, family social support was significantly associated with HEI fruit (β=0.16, p=0.02) and higher caloric intake (β=44.09, p=0.03). Additionally, friend social support was significantly associated with HEI sodium (lower sodium intake; β=0.23, p=0.01). Structural equation models showed that through motivation, social support indirectly improved HEI total (β=0.09, p=0.006) and whole fruit intake (β=0.07, p=0.04) and increased HEI added sugar (lower added sugar intake; β=0.07, p=0.04). Through self-efficacy, social support was indirectly associated with lower HEI sodium (higher sodium intake; β=-0.04, p=0.04).
DISCUSSION: These findings add to the growing body of research on adolescent nutrition by emphasising the complex interplay of psychosocial factors in shaping specific dietary behaviours.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04213014.
METHODS: A secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomised controlled trial was conducted. A total of 935 5th-8th graders, aged 10-14 years, were enrolled. Generalised linear models and structural equation models examined relationships of motivation, social support and self-efficacy for healthy eating with healthy eating behaviours.
RESULTS: In this sample (51% female, mean age=12.08±0.99), 48.24% were black/African American, and 48.2% were overweight/obese. In generalised linear models, family social support was significantly associated with HEI fruit (β=0.16, p=0.02) and higher caloric intake (β=44.09, p=0.03). Additionally, friend social support was significantly associated with HEI sodium (lower sodium intake; β=0.23, p=0.01). Structural equation models showed that through motivation, social support indirectly improved HEI total (β=0.09, p=0.006) and whole fruit intake (β=0.07, p=0.04) and increased HEI added sugar (lower added sugar intake; β=0.07, p=0.04). Through self-efficacy, social support was indirectly associated with lower HEI sodium (higher sodium intake; β=-0.04, p=0.04).
DISCUSSION: These findings add to the growing body of research on adolescent nutrition by emphasising the complex interplay of psychosocial factors in shaping specific dietary behaviours.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04213014.