Ebola virus disease: current vaccine solutions.

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is an emerging zoonotic disease with intermittent outbreaks in Central and West African countries. The unpredictable high case fatality rate has made it a disease of public health concern. Different vaccine platforms have shown prophylactic protection in human and non-human primates, with the progress towards a licensed vaccine greatly accelerated in response to the devastating outbreak of EVD in West Africa from 2013-2016. Currently, two vaccines: Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) and a two-dose combination of Zabdeno (Ad26.ZEBOV) and Mvabea (MVA-BN-Filo) have been licensed and in use. The licensing of an Ebola vaccine for use is challenging for several reasons, including the sporadic and limited nature of EVD outbreaks and the enormous resources needed to bring a vaccine to licensure. While vaccine solutions remain important in reducing the fatality of EVD, other strategic interventions are necessary for the prevention and control of EVD.