The impact of depression, anxiety and stress on self-care in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, compromises both physical and psychological health. High levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are common yet often overlooked, negatively impacting treatment adherence and self-care. This review examines how psychological factors influence self-care behaviors in IBD and explores strategies to improve disease management. Following PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024575631), this systematic review applied the PICO model to identify studies involving IBD patients, self-care interventions, and outcomes related to depression, anxiety and stress. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo and Google Scholar (October-December 2024). JBI tools were used to assess risk of bias, and evidence was graded using the framework established by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using structured tables and graphs. IBD patients frequently experience psychological distress that impairs self-care and quality of life. Depression is associated with low self-efficacy and maladaptive coping, while anxiety reduces treatment adherence, particularly in younger patients. Stress contributes to disease management difficulties, reinforcing the need for integrated psychological support. Psychological distress in IBD patients significantly affects self-care behaviors. Incorporating mental health support into standard care may enhance adherence, disease control, and overall well-being.