Palliative Care in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Its Impact on Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Decision-Making Process.

BACKGROUND

Palliative care has emerged as a key component in the management of chronic heart failure, addressing persistent physical and psychosocial symptoms that often remain insufficiently controlled by conventional cardiology. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of palliative care interventions on symptom burden, quality of life (QoL) and decision-making processes in adults with chronic heart failure.

METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science identified studies published between January 2005 and February 2025. Eligible designs included randomized controlled trials, observational cohorts and qualitative studies. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0), Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tools. Due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes, a narrative synthesis was conducted.

RESULTS

Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Palliative care interventions consistently reduced dyspnea, fatigue, anxiety and depression and were associated with improved functional status and QoL. Integrated palliative-cardiology programs were linked to fewer hospital readmissions, shorter hospital stays and increased documentation of advance care planning. However, methodological variability, small sample sizes and non-standardized outcome measures limited comparability across studies.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence supports the early incorporation of palliative care into routine management of chronic heart failure. Early, multidisciplinary and patient-centered approaches enhance clinical and psychosocial outcomes while improving healthcare efficiency and ensuring that care aligns with patients' goals, values and quality-of-life priorities.